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Régie du Chemin de Fer Abidjan-Niger
The Abidjan-Niger Railway is a 1260km single-track metric line in francophone West Africa that links Abidjan, Ivory Coast to Ougadogou, Burkina Faso. 〔Briggita, Michelle, and Budin Karim Jacques. "The Abidjan-Ouagadougou Railway Concession." The Abidjan-Ouagadougou Railway Concession. World Bank, Aug. 1999. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. < http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTFINDINGS/685507-1161268713892/21098659/find140.htm>〕 The Abidjan-Niger railway, like other railways on the continent, was a significant tool constructed and utilized by colonial powers for the purpose of economic exploitation of the West African region. In the 1960s, after independence, both countries decided to take charge of the management of the railway. During a period of economic crisis in the 90s, and under the influence of the IMF and World bank’s structural adjustment policies, both countries decided to hand over the management of the railway to the consortium “Sitarail” composed of (Bolloré group and Maersk) on September 1995. 〔Dagnogo, Foussata, Olivier Ninot, and Jean Louis Chaleard. "Le Chemin De Fer Abidjan-Niger: La Vocation D'une Infrastructure En Question."EchoGéo. N.p., Apr.-May 2012. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. .〕
Although it was once the predominant transporter of freight and passengers in the corridor, by 2000, the railway faced strong competition from road transport as the region’s road network had improved. The main economic role of the railway is international freight traffic to and from Burkina (petroleum products, containers, fertilizers, grain, clinker and cement, cotton). The railway also played a significant role in domestic transport of petroleum products in Côte d’Ivoire. ()
==Historical background and construction==
During the first half of the 19th century, trading posts were established on the coast of Ivory Coast. Later on, there was an increase in military expeditions into the region. Numerous propositions for the establishment of rail lines had been put in place in the 19th century by Captain Marchand (who exploited coastal region between 1893 and 1894) and by Captain Louis-Gustave Binge (who exploited the Kong region, North East of Ivory Coast, Comoé and Mossis in present day Ougadogou in 1888) and finally by Captain Houdaille. 〔Pilot, Georges. "Ouvrages Du Génie Civil Français Dans Le Monde Lignes De Chemin De Fer." Ingenieurs Et Scientifiques De France. Nov. 2012. Web.〕 In 1889, French officials established the Houdaille Mission, a survey of the layouts of the West African region. The mission constituted a study of the coastal terrain, the indigenes and the geographical parametres of the region in order to establish the conditions that would facilitate adequate penetration into the colony by the railway. 〔(Mission Houdaille. Etude Du Chemin De Fer Et Du Port. Vues Photographiques.. Enregistré En 1927 )." Gallica. Web. 12 Dec. 2014. 〕 In 1901, the first wharf was put in place at Grand Bassam, the colonial capital of Ivory Coast and by 1903 a new mission was put in place by Captain Crosson-Duplessis, a study of the first 79km of the railway for the commencement of the construction from the ebrie Lagoon. The construction started officially in 1904, and reached Evry Macougne by 1906 establishing the fist station, Abgoville by 1907 and Dimbokro by 1908 and the train station was constructed in Bouaké in 1912. Although there were numerous obstacles and oppositions (such as the revolt of the Abés against the requisition of Ivoirian locals in 1909 〔Chaleard, Jean-Louis, Chantal Chanson-Jabeur, and Chantal Béranger. Le Chemin De Fer En Afrique. Paris: Karthala, 2006. Print.〕) the construction progressed. The construction was suspended for 11 years due the prominence of First World War. After the war, the construction recommenced, and the creation of a new colony the “French Upper Volta (present Burkina Faso) led to a new orientation of the rail line. By 1924, the construction reached Katiola, by 1929, Ferkessédougou and by 1933,Bobo-Dioulasso, the terminus for the next twenty years. As a result of the Second World War the construction of the railway was suspended. After recommencement, the railway was completed on the 23rd of October 1954, in Ouagadougou. ()()
To a certain extent, the construction of the railway led to a certain level of administrative, economic and geographic organization of the territory The construction of the railway was accompanied by the development of administrative posts. For example, the initial administrative post was established at Ery-Macouguie, the next at Agboville in 1908, the following at Dimbokro, then Katiola and in 1924 at Fekessedougou. Further, due to the railway, Agboville, Dimbokro, Abidjan and Bouaké became the economic poles of the region. For example, in the south, due to the absence of road networks, all local production from Bongouanou, Daoukro, Kotobi, Mbatto and Daoukro converged towards the train stations of Abgoville and Dimbokro. In 1912, Dimbokro became the primary exporter of kola, palm oil and leather, and the secondary in maize and cotton. These two local powers however declined in 1950’s and this led to the improvement of and reliance on road networks. ()()
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